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Manual Testing: A Complete Guide with Real-Time Example

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Introduction

Manual Testing: A Complete Guide with Real-Time Example

1. What is Manual Testing?

Manual testing is the process of manually executing test cases without using any automation tools. Testers verify the functionality, usability, and performance of an application by following predefined test scenarios and comparing actual results with expected outcomes.

Key Characteristics:

  • Performed by human testers (QA engineers).
  • No automation scripts or tools are used.
  • Helps identify visual, functional, and usability issues.
  • Best suited for exploratory, ad-hoc, and usability testing.

2. Types of Manual Testing

TypeDescription
Unit TestingTesting individual components (e.g., a single function or module).
Integration TestingTesting interactions between integrated modules.
System TestingTesting the complete system end-to-end.
Acceptance TestingValidating if the software meets business requirements (UAT).
Regression TestingRe-running tests to ensure new changes don’t break existing functionality.
Smoke TestingBasic test to check if the build is stable.
Sanity TestingNarrow and deep testing after minor changes.
Exploratory TestingUnscripted testing to find hidden defects.

3. Manual Testing Process

Step 1: Requirement Analysis

  • Understand business requirements and document test scenarios.
  • Example: A banking app must allow users to transfer money.

Step 2: Test Planning

  • Define scope, objectives, and test strategy.
  • Example: Test login, fund transfer, and transaction history.

Step 3: Test Case Design

  • Write detailed test cases with steps, inputs, and expected results.
  • Example:
  • Test Case: Verify money transfer between two accounts.
  • Steps: Login → Select “Transfer” → Enter amount → Confirm.
  • Expected: Balance updates correctly.

Step 4: Test Execution

  • Manually execute test cases and log defects if any.
  • Example: If the balance doesn’t update, report a bug.

Step 5: Defect Reporting

  • Log defects in a tracking tool (JIRA, Bugzilla).
  • Example: “Balance not updating after transfer – High Priority.”

Step 6: Retesting & Closure

  • Verify bug fixes and close testing once all criteria are met.

4. Real-Time Example: Testing an E-Commerce Website

Scenario: Testing the “Add to Cart” Functionality

  1. Test Case: Verify if a product is added to the cart successfully.
  2. Steps:
  • Open the website → Search for a product → Click “Add to Cart.”
  1. Expected Result: The product should appear in the cart with the correct price.
  2. Actual Result: If the cart remains empty, it’s a defect.
  3. Bug Report:
  • Title: “Add to Cart” feature not working.
  • Steps to Reproduce: Add a product → Check cart.
  • Expected: Product should be visible.
  • Actual: Cart is empty.
  • Severity: High.

5. Advantages of Manual Testing

Better for usability & exploratory testing.
No automation tool dependency.
Cost-effective for small projects.
Detects visual & UI issues better.

6. Disadvantages of Manual Testing

Time-consuming for repetitive tests.
Human errors may occur.
Not scalable for large projects.
Slower execution compared to automation.

7. When to Use Manual Testing?

  • Early development stages.
  • Short-term projects.
  • Usability & ad-hoc testing.
  • When automation is not cost-effective.

8. Conclusion

Manual testing is essential for ensuring software quality by human observation and execution. While automation speeds up repetitive tasks, manual testing remains crucial for exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc scenarios.

Final Thought:

“Manual testing is like driving a car manually—you get better control to detect unexpected issues!”

116 Responses

  1. FArdridas

    Крысобой был на голову выше самого высокого из солдат легиона и настолько широк в плечах, что совершенно заслонил еще невысокое солнце. накрутка поведенческих факторов дешево Тут он взглянул на дверь в кабинет Берлиоза, бывшую рядом с передней, и тут, как говорится, остолбенел.

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